注释,注释: The subject of the authors' research is the problem of improving the mechanisms of legal education and civic education of students in educational institutions of higher education. Attention is drawn to the presence of legal education (personal adaptation programs) scenarios for students in advanced Russian universities. At the same time, the formal nature of such programs is recognized as their abstraction from the existing realities in the university's educational environment. It is emphasized that in the professional-pedagogical community back in the early 2000s, by no means were difficult questions postulated about what performance indicators of legal and civic education in higher education should consist of. An equally important topic for discussion is the complexity of organizational and regulatory nature in determining the criteria for the effectiveness of legal education methods which are proposed for training sessions. The authors of the article formulated project proposals intended for practical application in implementing legal education and civic education strategies of students at universities, taking into account the profile of the leading professional educational programs being implemented. The author's programs on regulatory and legal support of education (professional, profile) for students of pedagogical, law enforcement, and technical (engineering) universities are described.

关键词: legal regulation, student communities, socialization, preventive measures, vocational education, university, legal education, civic education, educational environment, higher education

注释,注释: The author analyzes the problem of plagiarism in biomedical research. The specifics of biomedical research are considered, the primary international documents regulating the conduct of biomedical research on humans are provided, and the basic principles of such research are given. The features of plagiarism in scientific research are revealed, and its concept and varieties are considered. The specifics of the work of anti-plagiarism systems and the associated difficulties are analyzed. Plagiarism in biomedical research is a serious violation of research and publication ethics, which, if intentionally committed, leads to the discrediting of science and scientists and the illegality of research activities. The following results were obtained from the study: The use of borrowings undermines the authenticity of scientific papers and the journals publishing them, threatens the unity of the scientific process and the attitude of society toward science, and violates the literary rights of the authors of original texts and the property rights of copyright holders. Plagiarism can cause material, reputational, and moral harm to authors, such as public disclosure of data, loss of funding for ongoing research, difficulties in the professional growth of the authors of the article or the completion of research work, and in some cases, is a crime and leads to litigation.

关键词: conflict, moral injury, copyright, ethics, self-citation, medicine, biology, originality, scientific research, plagiarism

注释,注释: The subject of this study is a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the educational process in the form of e-learning in relation to classic and distance forms of its organization, with the example of the elective course "Physical Culture and Sports." The object of the study is a new form of organization of the educational process at universities: e-learning. The authors consider the features of the organization of the educational process in the form of e-learning: the setting of an individual educational goal by the student themself, its formalization using the university's virtual educational space, the calculation of an individual educational trajectory and its practical implementation by "playing" the student given pedagogical situations. Special attention is paid to proving the practical feasibility of the main provisions of the well-known pedagogical concepts of the organization of e-learning and obtaining quantitative data on the actual effectiveness of the educational process in the form of e-learning. The novelty of the pedagogical experiment conducted by the authors lies in the fact that for the first time, the elective course "Physical Culture and Sports" was fully implemented in the form of e-learning, which made it possible to obtain quantitative values of the parameters of the educational process (the time the student reaches an individual educational goal, the percentage of participants guaranteed to achieve the educational goal in relation to the total number of students, etc.), proving a higher efficiency of e-learning compared to the "classic" and "distance" forms. A number of negative factors have been identified that need to be sufficiently covered in theoretical studies on e-learning but have a serious impact on the effectiveness of the educational process in this form. The directions of improving the educational process in the form of e-learning for its implementation in educational institutions of various levels are determined.

关键词: All-Russian physical culture and sports complex, educational situation, pedagogical situation, virtual educational space, individual educational trajectory, elective course, the effectiveness of the educational process, individual educational goal, pedagogical experiment, e-learning

注释,注释: The positive influence of playing games with students has often been the subject of scientific papers, which is confirmed by articles by Z. K. Moldakhmedova, A. A. Kadieva, A. A. Shatilova and other researchers. However, the genesis of the game, which allows us to find the phenomenon's origins in the era of syncretism (A. N. Veselovsky), despite the work of L. S. Vygotsky, is still not fully understood. Meanwhile, understanding the essence of the game allows one to introduce it as a component of learning in the process of mastering a foreign language, including overcoming the border "friend-foe" (Y. M. Lotman) and to be able to feel freedom (J. Huizinga) to obtain and consolidate knowledge. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the genesis of the game as a phenomenon rooted in the syncretic era (where it existed as part of a ritual) in identifying the possibilities of the game situation for the realization of creative (mimetic) activity of students, to overcome language barriers. In light of this approach, the game becomes not an element that can relieve the tension of "serious work" but a special optics that allows one to perceive cognitive activity differently. The main work method is the genetic method proposed by O. M. Freudenberg. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of Y. M. Lotman, A. N. Veselovsky, M. M. Bakhtin, O. M. Freudenberg, L. S. Vygotsky, and other scientists.

关键词: Freudenberg, genesis, Huizinga, Veselovsky, Bakhtin, English, the learning process, game, the era of syncretism, Vygotsky

注释,注释: Modern higher education is in dire need of new working tools and processes for its implementation. The structure of student involvement in educational activities also needs to be built in a fundamentally new way. This determines the relevance of this study. During the analysis carried out in this study, it was found that the university contains all the basic elements of a multiplayer game. Instructional designers can better engage students in learning by considering it a game. However, the game is flawed because the simulator cannot predict the future. In this regard, our study aims to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The article examines the structure of the game and the process of building a new university model based on this concept, which can respond to the challenges of the time. The ideal modern university as a personalized multiplayer game is the most effective model in this study. It builds communication between the player (learner) and the game, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) helps in this. This interaction between them can lead to a constant change in the situation, and the unpredictability of artificial intelligence reactions will likely help solve the problem of the absence of situations that developers and their resolution previously thought out.

关键词: soft skills, hard skills, artificial intelligence, competencies, game design, transferable skills, instructional design, multiplayer game, modern university model, educational standard