注释,注释: В статье на основе архивных данных, а также сохранившихся свидетельств учеников делается попытка реконструкции педагогических взглядов М. Е. Медведева и А. М. Пасхаловой, чья преподавательская деятельность явилась базой последующего формирования вокально-педагогических традиций Саратовской консерватории. Объектом исследования здесь выступают вокально-педагогические традиции Саратовской консерватории, предметом – педагогические взгляды профессоров начального периода деятельности рассматриваемого учебного заведения – М. Е. Медведева и А. М. Пасхаловой. В работе анализируется книга ученика М. Е. Медведева баритона С. Ю. Левика "Записки оперного певца", а также методическая работа А. М. Пасхаловой "Работа над постановкой голоса для руководителей хора русской народной песни". Выявляется, что, несмотря на расхождения в некоторых аспектах постановки голоса вокалиста (беззвуковые упражнения, научные основы воспитания вокалиста, применение вокализов и т. д.), деятельность М. Е. Медведева и А. М. Пасхаловой характеризуется следующими общими положениями: достаточно низкий тип дыхания, повышенное внимание к выработке чувства опоры звука, осторожное отношение к развитию полного диапазона голоса, выработкой чёткой дикции, ровности звуковедения, сглаженности регистровых переходов; мягкой атаки звука; умения качественно вокализировать различные динамические градации вокализации; применение в педагогическом процессе «концентрического» метода обучения, повышенное внимание к воспитанию эмоционально-драматической составляющей личности исполнителя. Анализ также показал, что к особенности, отличающем педагогические взгляды профессоров начального периода деятельности Саратовской консерватории, можно отнести применение в классной работе на начальном этапе обучения певцов репертуара русских композиторов.

Abstract: The object of this study is the initial period of activity of the Saratov Conservatory; the subject can be called the pedagogical priorities of vocal teachers of this period under consideration. In the article, based on rare archival data, surviving printed evidence, and student memoirs, an attempt is made to restore the pedagogical priorities of the most famous and influential in the musical circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg, active participants in concert events of the Imperial Russian Musical Society: Mikhail Efimovich Medvedev - the first performer of the role of Lensky in the opera P. I. Tchaikovsky's "Eugene Onegin" and Alevtina Mikhailovna Paskhalova, who embodied the image of the Snow Maiden in the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. The scientific novelty of the study includes the fact that the author identifies and for the first time introduces into scientific circulation data on the pedagogical priorities of the most prominent vocal teachers who have made a significant contribution to improving the educational process of the department of academic singing. It is revealed that the pedagogical priorities of M. E. Medvedev and A. M. Paskhalova include: a fairly low type of breathing, increased attention to developing a sense of support for sound, a cautious attitude towards the development of the full range of the voice, the development of clear diction, evenness of sound production, smoothness of register transitions; soft sound attack; the ability to qualitatively vocalize various dynamic gradations of sound; the use of the “concentric” teaching method in the pedagogical process, increased attention to the education of the emotional and dramatic component of the performer’s personality. The analysis also showed that the features that distinguish the pedagogical views of the professors of the initial period of the Saratov Conservatory include the use of the repertoire of Russian composers in class work with a beginning singer.

注释,注释: The object of this study is the initial period of activity of the Saratov Conservatory; the subject can be called the pedagogical priorities of vocal teachers of this period under consideration. In the article, based on rare archival data, surviving printed evidence, and student memoirs, an attempt is made to restore the pedagogical priorities of the most famous and influential in the musical circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg, active participants in concert events of the Imperial Russian Musical Society: Mikhail Efimovich Medvedev - the first performer of the role of Lensky in the opera P. I. Tchaikovsky's "Eugene Onegin" and Alevtina Mikhailovna Paskhalova, who embodied the image of the Snow Maiden in the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. The scientific novelty of the study includes the fact that the author identifies and for the first time introduces into scientific circulation data on the pedagogical priorities of the most prominent vocal teachers who have made a significant contribution to improving the educational process of the department of academic singing. It is revealed that the pedagogical priorities of M. E. Medvedev and A. M. Paskhalova include: a fairly low type of breathing, increased attention to developing a sense of support for sound, a cautious attitude towards the development of the full range of the voice, the development of clear diction, evenness of sound production, smoothness of register transitions; soft sound attack; the ability to qualitatively vocalize various dynamic gradations of sound; the use of the “concentric” teaching method in the pedagogical process, increased attention to the education of the emotional and dramatic component of the performer’s personality. The analysis also showed that the features that distinguish the pedagogical views of the professors of the initial period of the Saratov Conservatory include the use of the repertoire of Russian composers in class work with a beginning singer.

注释,注释: The object of this study is the initial period of activity of the Saratov Conservatory; the subject can be called the pedagogical priorities of vocal teachers of this period under consideration. In the article, based on rare archival data, surviving printed evidence, and student memoirs, an attempt is made to restore the pedagogical priorities of the most famous and influential in the musical circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg, active participants in concert events of the Imperial Russian Musical Society: Mikhail Efimovich Medvedev - the first performer of the role of Lensky in the opera P. I. Tchaikovsky's "Eugene Onegin" and Alevtina Mikhailovna Paskhalova, who embodied the image of the Snow Maiden in the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. The scientific novelty of the study includes the fact that the author identifies and for the first time introduces into scientific circulation data on the pedagogical priorities of the most prominent vocal teachers who have made a significant contribution to improving the educational process of the department of academic singing. It is revealed that the pedagogical priorities of M. E. Medvedev and A. M. Paskhalova include: a fairly low type of breathing, increased attention to developing a sense of support for sound, a cautious attitude towards the development of the full range of the voice, the development of clear diction, evenness of sound production, smoothness of register transitions; soft sound attack; the ability to qualitatively vocalize various dynamic gradations of sound; the use of the “concentric” teaching method in the pedagogical process, increased attention to the education of the emotional and dramatic component of the performer’s personality. The analysis also showed that the features that distinguish the pedagogical views of the professors of the initial period of the Saratov Conservatory include the use of the repertoire of Russian composers in class work with a beginning singer.

注释,注释: Предметом исследования статьи является деятельность Общества любителей изящных искусств, существовавшего в Саратове в 1889-1903 гг.. Выявлено, что ОЛИИ проводило большую работу по популяризации всех видов искусств в среде горожан. Музыкальным отделом организовывались концерты вокальной и инструментальной музыки, вызывающие интерес местных меломанов. Наиболее значимым признаётся открытие Обществом музыкальной школы, имеющей в числе других вокальное образование, а также наличие программы обучения декларирующей итальянский метод постановки голоса.
Методической основой исследования можно назвать анализ сохранившихся ранее не опубликованных документов Государственного Архива Саратовской Области, Центрального Государственного Исторического Архива СПб, а также редких источников. На основе воссозданной картины деятельности ОЛИИ в контексте существующего политического напряжения в городе, доказывается, что к причинам закрытия данного культурного объединения можно отнести: постепенно нарастающую конкуренцию с Саратовским отделением Императорского Русского Музыкального Общества, поддерживаемого властями губернии, а также популярность в демократических слоях обывателей Саратова.

Abstract: The research subject is the work of Fine Arts Society which existed in Saratov in 1889-1903. The author finds out that the Society actively popularized all types of arts among citizens. The department of music organized vocal and instrumental music concerts which were interesting for local melomaniacs. The most significant event was the opening of a music school which provided music education and the educational programme which declared the Italian method of voice-training. The research methodology is based on the analysis of unpublished materials of the State Archive of Saratov region, the Central State Historic Archive of St. Petersburg, and rare sources. Based on the reconstructed image of the Society’s work in terms of the political situation in the city of that time, the author proves that among the reasons of the Society closing were: gradually rising competition with Saratov Branch of The Imperial Russian Musical Society, supported by authorities, and the popularity in democratic circles of Saratov citizens.