注释,注释: Издавна в человеческом обществе существовали и существуют по сей день темы, запретные, нежелательные для разговора, для упоминания на публике. Так появились и продолжают появляться эвфемизмы в языке, что безусловно сказывается на всплеске нового интереса лингвистов к изучению явления табу и того, что с ним связано и кроме того, влияет на актуальность данной темы в лингвистической науке. Предметом исследования настоящей работы стали лингвистические средства, служащие созданию антропоморфной эвфемии. Исследование проводится на материале современных медиатекстов, отобранных методов сплошной выборки из немецких онлайн газет. Методология исследования включало в себя применение таких методов исследования как метод контекстуального анализа, метод анализа словарных дефиниций, компонентный анализ, кроме того использовались также традиционные методы лингвистического наблюдения и описания. Исследование проводилось для того, чтобы выявить и доказать рабочую гипотезу об особом виде эвфемии, а именно антропоморфной эвфемии.В статье проводится анализ лингвистических средств из немецкоязычных медиатекстов, в которых авторы публикаций затрагивают табуированные для немецкого социума тема и смыслы. Новизна исследования заключается в новом подходе к исследованию эвфемизмов и эвфемии и введение нового термина антропоморфная эвфемия, под которой понимаается особый отбор лингвистических средств, в которых аппелируется к человеческим признакам и свойствам, как внешним, так и внутренним. Привлечение нового исследовательского материала Выводы исследования вносят вклад в развитии лексикологии и когнитивной лингвистики, расширяют представление об эвфемии.

Abstract: The topics that are forbidden or undesired for mentioning in public have always been present in human society. This led to the emergence of euphemisms in the language, which affects the new surge of interest among linguists towards studying the phenomenon of taboo, everything related to it that impact the relevance of this topic in the context of linguistic science. The subject of this research became the linguistic means assisting the creation of anthropomorphic euphemia. The study is conducted on the materials of modern media text, selected through the method of continuous sampling from the German online newspapers. Research methodology includes the use of contextual analysis, dictionary definitions analysis, component analysis, as well as the traditional methods of linguistic observation and description. The research is carried out from identifying and proving the hypothesis on a particular type of euphemia, namely anthropomorphic euphemia. The article analyzes the linguistic means from the German-language media texts, in which the authors of publications discuss the forbidden for German society topics and meanings. The novelty of this work consists in the new approach towards studying euphemisms and euphemia, as well as in introduction of the new term of anthropomorphic euphemia that implies a special selection of linguistic means, which appeal to internal and external qualities and characteristics of a human. The research result contribute to the development of lexicology and cognitive linguistics, as well as broaden the knowledge on euphemia.

注释,注释: The subject of this research is the verbal behavior of the representatives of the Russian and American linguistic culture considered within the framework of the basic behavioral strategies in a conflict-generating communication. The phenomenon of conflict and the problem of misunderstanding mostly manifest in all areas of social and interethnic relations. Verbal communication implies a strategic process, which helps a speaker to select the language resources for its realization. Reference to the strategy contributes to the accomplishment of goals and tasks of the dialogue participants, making the communication process either successful or leading to a communicative conflict. The object of this research is the natural communication. The scientific novelty consists in carrying out a multifaceted cross-cultural examination of the impact of ethnocultural, gender and other traits of the participants of communication upon the choice of the verbal communication means in a conflict. The results of the work can be valuable or the participants of international academic exchange (students and educators), as well as those whose activity relates to the work in a polycultural Russian-American space.

注释,注释: The research is devoted to the study of the verbal behavior of the Russians and Americans based on the choice of the strategies of behavior in the conflict situations. The phenomenon of conflict and challenges of misunderstanding appear today extremely acute in all areas of social and international relations. Verbal communication involves a strategic process by which a speaker defines the language resources for its implementation. By choosing a strategy which should contribute to the goals and objectives of the interaction a speaker makes the process of communication either successful or leading to a communicative failure.The object of the research is the natural communication. The study is based on the principles of psycholinguistics and ethno-linguistics, which studies the cultural variability in cognitive and communicative aspect of speech. The scientific importance of this work is in multi disciplined and cross-cultural study of ethnic and cultural influences, gender and other characteristics of conflict discourse participants. The results might present an interest for the participants and alumni of the international academic exchange programs (students and teaching staff) as well to specialists whose jobs are associated with the functioning in a multicultural Russian-American environment.

注释,注释: This article is dedicated to the question of formation of the speech competencies of students who study Russian as foreign language in the foreign college. The author examines the key problems in formation of the language skills, as well as suggests the methodologies that encourage the development of foreign speech skills formulated in the department of Russian Language and Literature in the Turkish college. Attention is given to the specificity of presentation of material for the Turkish students substantiated by the peculiarities of mentality and culture. The article provides the methodologies that allow enhancing the mechanisms responsible for speech activity in the Russian language outside the language environment. With the help of survey among the students studying the Russian language as foreign outside the language environment, the authors determined the principal difficulties in formation of the speech skills. The conclusion is made that the methodology of teaching Russian language as foreign must carry an ethno-specific orientation. In such education process, the efficiency of pedagogical activity can depend on the specificity of establishment of motivation among the Turkish students, as well as peculiarities of interpersonal communication within the class, organization of self-control and independent work, as well as priority of verbal communication over the formation of writing skills.