注释,注释: The subject of this study is the judicial practice of Russian courts on cases commeneced against medical personnel under the Part 2 of the Article 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – infliction of death by negligence due to improper performance of professional duties. The subject of research also includes the legal framework on the procedure for conducting forensic medical examination in the Russian Federation, medical legislation, as well as the relevant provisions of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of this research connsists in the comprehensive approach towards its implementation, including the analysis of the current judicial practice of Russian courts on medical malpractice. As a result of this analysis, the main problems that Russian courts face when assessing the causal relationship in iatrogenic crimes, primarily committed by omission, were identified. Through a detailed analysis of the laws and bylaws governing the procedure for conducting a forensic medical examination, the author has identified possible reasons for discrepancies in forensic practice, which, in turn, lead to discrepancies in jurisprudence. Also, using the historical method of interpretation, the author revealed the existence and causes of significant contradictions in the relevant legislation. Using a comparative-analytical method applied to the Russian criminal and forensic legislation, the main problems that hinder the effective and fair consideration of iatrogenic cases at the moment are identified, and ways to solve them are proposed depending on the state's priorities in criminal policy.

关键词: determinism, criminal omission, medical forensics, causation, Croatia, Russian Federation, medical malpratice, criminal law, statistical method, coincidence

注释,注释: This article examines the publications of the Russian scholars on sociological aspects of social time, which are poorly studied in the Russian and foreign literature. The author believes that they are the pioneers in the field of the sociology of time. Analysis is conducted in such concepts as past, present, and future time; their content and correlation; time as the transformation process; use of time and control over time»; time of an individual and time of the social system; biological time as a step towards social time. The beginning of the XX century indicated the organic correlation of the development of natural science and general science and social practice, activity. Most vividly such correlation manifested in the area of the perception of time, relation the time of publications presented in the article, which are ideologically connected with the social practice of the studies on time, and the origins of the theory of social time.  It is noted that the first sociological study on the budgets of time was conducted in Petrograd in the 1821 – 1922 by P. Sorokin. The authors tried to remain within the field of sociology, understanding sociology as a science about functionality and transformation of social systems, presented by the “submerged” into cultural-institutional environment subsystems of the subjects, their activity and relationships. The article focuses attention on the statements of scholars, which had conceptual significance for the science, as well as for solution of the real time-budget problems.

关键词: sociology of time, social changes, social groups, time use, time budget, social system, social time, the past, the present, the future

注释,注释: This examines promising directions in Sino-Russian cooperation as a deterrent factor of multidimensional confrontation in the G2 format. The subject of this research is modern and advanced mechanisms of cooperation of geostrategic importance between the two countries, adapted to the global requirements. The goal of this work consists in the review of the common pursuit of the nations for more equal distribution of global power in the aftermath of American hegemony as a result of global trade. The emergence of new regional actors and their ability to operate on the global level and beyond the ideological constraints is analyzed through the United States-China relations, promising trade agreements of China with the European Union and Russia. The author considers the existing hypothesis on the prospects of concentration of regional power and emergence of new actors. The modern forecasts regarding the future of Sino-Russian cooperation are compared with geostrategic approach on the basis of the national interest and sovereignty of the countries in the absence of sound ideology for the purpose of conceptualization of future scenarios and mechanisms for prevention and settlement of conflicts. In conclusion, the author underlines the common pursuit of Sino-Russian cooperation for achieving the objectives of geostrategic nature, which constitutes the dynamic foundation for more equal distribution of world power. This article provides an actual approach towards future globalization scenarios, which would assist to prevent and resolve the conflicts using innovative models of international cooperation in the globalized region.

关键词: International Cooperation, Conflict, Globalization, European Union, United States, China, Russia, G2 Format, Geostrategic Policies, Regional Actors

注释,注释: This article empirically examines the competition of the world’s counties for the establishment of their diplomatic relations with non-state actor. It is underlined that the government of the Kurdistan region, which has used “soft power” to draw attention of the states. Among other tools, hydrocarbons (oil and gas) placed the main soft power policy of the Kurdistan government for its global movement. It is proven that the economic and hydrocarbon ambitions have led states to overpass their traditional understanding of global diplomacy; and this further inspires some of the previously antagonistic states to reshape their relations with non-state actor towards considering a close partner. The drawn conclusions correlated with the idea that the Kurdistan government would be more actively involved in the global diplomacy due to its oil and gas wealth.

关键词: KRG, Gas, oil, Non-state actor, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Hydrocarbon, Diplomacy, Soft power, economic ambitions, independent

注释,注释: This article discusses the factors influencing the financial and economic cooperation of the countries with the developing marker within the framework of the three blocks – EAEU, BRICS, and SCO, by means of building the gravity model. The countries of the former Soviet Union are considered separately. The research covers the period from the Russian crisis of 2014 up to the present. The subject of this analysis is the financial and economic relations arising in the process of cooperation of the EAEU, SCO, and BRICS member-states with the developing market. The author explores the factors that impact the financial and economic cooperation of the countries with the developing market: depth and scale of foreign trade turnover, per capita GDP, market accessibility index, currency appreciation rate of the import and export country, distance between the countries, belonging of the country with the developing market to such associations as EAEU, BRICS, and SCO. The research is based on the general scientific methods of cognition such as analysis, synthesis, and comparison, presentation of tabular and graphical interpretation of statistics, time series, econometric modelling using the EViews software. The novelty of this article consists in determination of the factors influencing financial and economic cooperation of the countries with the developing market within the framework of the three blocks – EAEU, BRICS, and SCO by means of building the gravity model. The peculiarity of such model lies in the availability of the lagged exchange rates. The inclusion of the lag in the relative exchange rate of the export country rate let to exclusion of the data for 2014 from the sampling. Therefore, it is advisable to take into account the acquired results pertaining to Russia’s cooperation on the bilateral or multilateral basis within the framework of EAEU, BRICS, and SCO.

关键词: Sino-Russian cooperation, gravity model, international economic relations, world economy, international trade, international finance, econometrics, EAEU, BRICS, SCO