注释,注释: The paper deals with the problem of the planning. The planning economy was indeed one of the most important achievements of the XX century. It allows avoiding such negative phenomena as unemployment and poverty. Nowadays the planning economy in Russia is rejected because after Gorbachev’s perestroika the leaders have decided to rely only on the market relations. They thought the reason for the economic collapse of the Soviet Union was the planning. The aim of the paper is to prove that the main error of the Soviet planning economy was not the planning itself, but the absence of interaction between the public management system and population. The text gives valuable information on the origins and development of the Soviet planning. The Soviet planning appeared in the difficult political and social context of the Civil War. From the beginning, the planning was developed by eminent scientists of their time. The political leaders used the planning in theire own aims; putting unrealizable tasks and using the economic failures to find and accuse the “enemies”. Conclusions are drawn about the necessity of the development of the planning system as a system of system of reconciling the needs of the people and the interests of public administration.

关键词: practice of management, planning, Soviet history, social needs, public administration, planning economy, social practices of interaction, social development, social transformation, social engineering

注释,注释: In early 20th century part of the Buddhist Sangha started a process of revising its organization forms as well as its theoretical and practical heritage. Two essentially different movements existed in that sphere. They had different tasks and quite different approaches for solving those tasks. On the one hand, the activity of such Buryat enlightenment scholars as B. Baradin, Ts. Jamsarano as well as representatives of the clergy such as A. Dorjiev, Ch. Iroltuyev, Ganjurova-Gegen were part of the renewal processes in Buddhism that took place in many countries where it was spread. The renewal process was a reaction against the ideological and economic expansion of the colonialist countries and was designed to develop the ideological basis for preserving the national identity of the colonized nations. On the other hand, Lubsan Sandan Tsydenov and his followers had quite a different task: to reform Buddhism in order to enable it to develop in a new social and cultural environment – in the Western culture of Russia. Their task was not so much preserving the national identity as developing the Buddhist tradition in a new cultural environment, which also solved the question of identity in an indirect way.

关键词: Buryat Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Sangha, Tantra, neobuddhism, renewal movement, Russian Buddhism, Dandaron, Tsydenov, Dorzhiev

注释,注释: The object of the study is the system of gender-power relations in the society. The subject of the research is the social and psychological facets of the gender power system construction, their basic characteristics as well as the degree and limits of their mutual influence. The methodology includes research methods of power introduced by M. Foucault, L. Althusser, and J. Butler; psychoanalytic approaches of S. Freud and J. Lacan; structuralist method of analysis of communicative practices of M. Castells.Results, novelty, and conclusions. The novelty of the study consists in the theory of passional attachment introduced by the author, in which it is argued that the system of gender power in society is based on the psychological mechanism of interpellation and subjection of male psychics by women.The main conclusions are as follows: 1) gender self-identification and socialisation are associated with the Œdipus complex and Lacanian psychological stage of the mirror; 2) since the time of the ancient matriarchy, the symbolic power of the female has become fixed as an archetype of consciousness; 3) the gender power is being built on a subject-subject basis; in the society; 4) women’s building a system of gender power relations and gender roles on their basis, is usually carried out with a broad involvement of the symbolic sphere.

关键词: passional attachment, subjection, interpellation, gender roles, gender power relations, gender power, Gender, symbolic, Edipus complex, socialisation

注释,注释: Traditionally, the relationship between Nigeria and Western countries is rooted in their long-standing economic ties, political and other common values its people share, coupled with Nigerians in the Diaspora and western businesses established in Nigeria. Since its independence in 1960, the African giant has strategically made contacts with many international organizations to help maximize its foreign policy potentials. Nigerian foreign policy gives much credence to the European Union as a strategic partner and an opportunity for her to capitalize and define a feasible cooperation policy framework for its cooperation with Europe, based on values and interests that unite Nigeria and members of the European Union. It seeks to analyze how such foreign policy manifest into Nigeria's potentials in trade cooperation and development at large.

关键词: Diplomatic dialogue, Bilateral, Agreement, Cooperation, Africa, European Union, Nigeria, Foreign policy, Multilateral, Development

注释,注释: In modern conditions of global geopolitical instability and economic sanctions, the mechanism of state procurement and commodity interventions in Russia is not an effective tool for regulating the grain market. The subject of the research is the state policy in the field of development of agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals for improving the mechanisms of regulation of the grain market. The object of the study is the direction and mechanisms of agricultural policy of modern Russia.The study focuses on the analysis of the main shortcomings of the current mechanism of regulation of the Russian grain market, and offers a completely new alternative models to maintain the profitability of agricultural producers.The paper uses theoretical and empirical methods, in particular: literature review, logical, statistical and expert assessments, methods of empirical data collection, system analysis, description and processing of research results.The main results of the study are the following provisions. The author proposes the use of alternative models to maintain the level of income of agricultural producers in order to reduce the costs of the Federal budget and improve the efficiency of this mechanism, within the framework of which an effective institution can be created that regulates the grain market on the principles of public-private partnership – grain commodity-credit Corporation.

关键词: state agro-industrial policy, commodity-credit corporation, the real sector of the economy, agro-industrial complex, agriculture, grain market, state interventions, state regulation of the economy, public-private partnership, state support of agricultural producers

注释,注释: The paper deals with the situation that has developed in recent years, which is written in the Internet, where memories and studies of life of the writers and poets are represented. A logical interpretation of the life and work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is offered, which makes it possible to compare the two relations between the creativity of the author and his ordinary life. Unaware of the evolution in the views of Anton Pavlovich and his ambivalent attitude towards women and love, revealed in such an interpretation, we really do not understand the actions and thoughts of the heroes of his works, especially the later stories and plays. The study used the following methodology: problem formulation, situational and comparative analysis, humanitarian interpretation of the author's works, reconstruction of the life path. As a result, it was possible to show that although the personality of the author of the work is not directly related to his work, nevertheless, in order to understand a number of significant moments of this work and the features of the work, a special reconstruction of the author's personality and his works is necessary. Within the framework of such a reconstruction, the analysis of personality and works must be linked.

关键词: life, poetry, art, personality, interpretation, work, creativit, author, choice, reality