注释,注释: The article discusses the problems associated with the search for effective models and strategies of State-building for post-crisis societies. As is well known, the international community supports the processes of democratic transformation in various countries, as well as provides assistance in resolving conflicts. It is assumed that the efforts of such international assistance should result in a stable State. However, the history of the late XX early XXI centuries showed that the use of a democratic (Western) model for non-Western cultural context does not guarantee successful state-building. The phenomena of the 'failed state' and the 'fragile state' have become widely known. The paper proposes some theoretical approaches to be taken into account when choosing a model of State for post-crisis societies in order to avoid the risks of statehood failure. The author analyzes the successful Russian experience in the late 1990’s – early 2000’s of implementing 'tailor-made' models of State at the regional level, taking into account the diversity of the political, cultural, and socio-economical context of post-crisis societies. The higher efficiency of specialized models in comparison with universal models is demonstrated.

关键词: Social cohesion, Fragile State, Failed State, Post-crisis society, Model of State, State-building, Regional authority, Russia, Tatarstan, Dagestan

注释,注释: Africa is taking a new center stage on global issues, sparking debates about Africa’s place in international relations. This new interest has led to current researchers addressing the gap, especially on its history, and its contribution to world politics that is mainly addressed through International Relations. This is the main problem that has been written about by scholars with a Eurocentric mindset. As such, books like “Recentering Africa in International relations” has recently been written, generating a lot of discourse in the field. “By way of epistemological critique, we seek to rethink the discipline of international relations by foregrounding the experiences of Africa to historical and ongoing processes of world order and global power, interrogating the power dynamics and epistemological configurations of the discipline and the fetishes of its dominant practitioners.” [11]. It is against this backdrop that this article will analyze international relations course in Kenya, and fill the gaps in the understanding of the course as a current field of study in the country based on its historical changes. Through this, the author will show that Africa, and a country like Kenya in particular, is deeply embedded in the Western education system and is in need of a complete overhaul in order for it to make its own mark on International Relations.

关键词: Kenya, International Relations, Universities, Education, Study, Africa, Research, Researchers, Courses, Colonisation

注释,注释: This research is devoted to consideration of the metaphorical features of the representation of migration in the American press. The object of the study is a metaphorical representation of migrants and migration in the language of the United States media. The subject of this research is metaphorical models, structuring the concept “migration” in the language of American mass media. The goal of this paper is to study the features of metaphorical modeling of migration in the US political media discourse. The relevance of the study is substantiated by the lack of knowledge of the metaphorical representation of migration processes in modern media of America. This study is based on the cognitive approach, according to which metaphor is the most important phenomenon in comprehending the surrounding reality. The study of linguistic material and the description of metaphorical models made it possible to identify attitudes towards migrants at the present stage of development of American society.

关键词: migration, migrant, linguistic sign, linguoculture, discource, conceptualization, concept, conceptual metaphor, verbalization, metaphorical model

注释,注释: The subject of this article is emotional and evaluative utterances in literary texts. The article briefly appraises the current research of emotions in linguistics, emphasizing their role in communication. The linguistic data is also reinforced by theories from psychology. The author thoroughly studies emotional and evaluative utterances that reveal asymmetry between the semantic and pragmatic meanings. Emotional and evaluative utterances are defined as utterances that express, imply or describe emotions, emotional states and reactions. Asymmetry is defined as the deviation from the norm as a byproduct of natural language functionality. Research methods include definition, semantic and pragmatic analyses of emotional and evaluative utterances, selected from English fiction by the continuous sampling method. The author comes to the conclusion that asymmetry occurs due to the subjective experience of emotions and linguistically manifests itself in reverse reactions and ambivalence. It has been revealed that true knowledge about emotion is context dependent, and it is the context that shows whether emotion is received as positive or negative.

关键词: pragmatic potential, pragmatic meaning, semantic meaning, reappraisal, appraisal, emotional and evaluative utterance, emotion, asymmetry, reverse reaction, ambivalence

注释,注释: This article is devoted to the peculiarities of functioning composite sentences in English aviation texts. The subject matter of this research is types of complex sentences in modern English and the means of connecting main and subordinate parts of these sentences. Research in the article is done on the basis of scientific and journalistic styles. Special attention is paid to the general characteristics of lexical and grammatical features of these two text styles. In the article, a comparative analysis of different types of subordinate clauses is made and difficulties in translating them from English into Russian are analyzed. In her research, Meldianova applies the following research methods: description used to define, interpret and classify complex sentences; and comparison used to analyze types of syndetic words and subordinating conjunctions in complex sentences. The novelty of this research consists in the conducted for the first time complex study of means of connecting sentences within a composite sentence on the basis of English aviation texts of scientific and journalistic styles.

关键词: syndetic word, subordinate clause, journalistic style, scientific style, asyndetic connection, syndetic connection, complex sentence, composite sentence, subordinating conjunction, means of connection