注释,注释: 自20世纪初齐奥尔科夫斯基的作品以来，已经讨论了空间农业系统。 这个概念的核心是利用光合生物和光来产生氧气和食物。 该地区的研究始于20世纪50年代和60年代，通过杰克迈尔斯等人的工作，他们为美国空军和美国宇航局研究了用于O2生产和CO2去除的藻类。 从20世纪60年代开始，俄罗斯研究人员在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克进行了藻类生产和受控环境农业的研究。 1980年，对一些工厂的受控环境生产进行了测试。 20世纪90年代，美国宇航局约翰逊航天中心对人类和作物进行了相关的试验。欧洲航天局MELiSSA项目始于20世纪80年代末，致力于为太空生命支持提供气体、水和材料回收利用的生态方法，后来扩大到包括植物testing.As 这些和其他（日本、加拿大、中国）空间农业研究的结果是产生了新的技术和信息。 空间农业这一主题对陆地受控环境农业做出了贡献并使其受益，并将在未来继续这样做。

注释,注释: 地球上的许多地方已被用作太空飞行器的类似物，目的是了解诸如往返火星航行等长时间太空的压力和压力。 其中之一是许多老年人常见的情况，特别是那些居住在团体住房中的人：计划社区，辅助生活中心或养老院。 本文着眼于空间心理学和老年心理学可以相互教导的教训。 传统上，关于老龄化的文献和关于spacefl ight的文献都集中在他们感兴趣的人群所经历的问题上，以及可以做些什么来减轻这些问题的负面影响–或者更熟悉 这些问题是由压力引起或介导的，压力是两种文献的共同因素。 有许多常见的因素与成功的老化和成功的空间飞行。 增加两个研究界之间的思想交叉将是富有成效的。

注释,注释: Studies on the relationships between humans and microbes in space habitation environments are critical for success in long-duration space missions, to reduce potential hazards to the crew and the spacecraft infrastructure. We performed microbial monitoring in the Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo”, a part of the International Space Station, for 4 years after its completion, and analyzed samples with modern molecular microbiological techniques. Sampling was performed in September 2009, February 2011, and October 2012. The surface of the incubator, inside the door of the incubator, an air intake, air diffuser, and handrail were selected as sampling sites. Sampling was performed using the optimized swabbing method. Abundance and phylogenetic affiliation of bacteria on the interior surfaces of Kibo were determined by quantitative PCR and pyrosequencing, respectively. Bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria (γ-subclass) and Firmicutes were frequently detected on the interior surfaces in Kibo. Families Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were dominant. Most bacteria detected belonged to the human microbiota; thus, we suggest that the bacterial cells are transferred to the surfaces in Kibo from the astronauts. Environmental bacteria such as Legionella spp. were also detected. From the data on bacterial abundance and phylogenetic affiliation, Kibo has been microbiologically well maintained; however, the microbial community structure in Kibo may change with prolonged stay of astronauts. Continuous monitoring is required to obtain information on changes in the microbial community structure in Kibo.

关键词: Swabbing method, Bacterial monitoring, Kibo, International Space Station, Space Studies, Environmental Sciences, Microbiology, Space habitat, Bacterial virulence, Long space missions