注释,注释: This work analyses one of the hot topics of the constitutional debate in Europe, - the democratic backslidings in some new EU members States. This is a problem not fully studied by Russian political science and legal doctrine. Although many works of Western research have been devoted to this subject, a general analysis of the political and constitutional causes of this regression is lacking. The author employs a cross-cultural method of legal research that includes a historical approach with multiple political connotations. The innovative features of the article include an outline of the characteristics of the transition to democracy in the Central and Eastern Europe. The author examines European Union's ‘rule of law’ enforcement mechanisms and the reasons for their inefficiency, the major reason for this being the immature system of democratic transition in Central and Eastern Europe. Another significant reason for this is the fetal stage of political culture and vague constitutional framework of new EU members, as well as flaws in their constitutional engineering.

关键词: Constitutional debate, Eastern Europe, European Union, legal doctrines, democratic norms, political culture, law enforcement, democratic institutions, constitutional framework, constitutional engineering

注释,注释: 这篇文章探讨了欧洲宪法辩论中最热门的话题之一，即欧盟一些新成员国宪法中偏离民主规范的问题。 这个问题在俄罗斯政治学和俄罗斯法律学说中都没有得到足够详细的研究。 尽管西方文学中有许多不同的作品致力于这个问题，但没有对这种明显回归的政治和宪法原因进行一般性分析。 作者采用跨文化研究立法的方法，其中包括具有许多政治内涵的历史方法。 这篇文章的创新特点包括对中欧和东欧向民主过渡的特点的描述。 考虑了欧盟国家的执法机制及其缺乏有效性的原因，显示了这种低效率的原因，其中包括民主制度体系的不成熟。 政治文化的萌芽状态和欧盟新成员国不够明确的宪法框架，包括其宪法工程中的一些缺陷，也在这方面发挥了作用。