注释,注释: Cognitive strategies of occasional transformational use of English phraseological euphemisms in linguistic experiment are subject to consideration. The purpose of the study is to determine the cognitive strategies of the occasional use of phraseological euphemisms. The subject of the research: the types of cognitive strategies, which are used in ocasional transformations of English phraseological euphemisms, the study of which was performed after the literature survey and a brief description of the linguistic experiment. Research methods: the method of phraseological analysis developed by A.V. Kunin, which exists in two forms - phraseological identification and phraseological description, contextual analysis method, definitional analysis, component (seme) analysis. The novelty of the study: as a result of the linguistic experiment, for the first time, cognitive strategies of the transformational use of English phraseological euphemisms, combining the characteristic features of both phraseological and euphemistic nominations, were determined. Results of the study: two cognitive strategies were identified that are characteristic of all types of occasional use – informing strategy and the strategy of expressivization. Evaluation strategy is defined when using the addition of a component / components, insertion and replacement of a component / components; objectification strategy is revealed in the cleft use of euphemistic units; accentualization strategy when using phraseological reiteration, permutation and phraseological saturation of context. For the first time, we have singled out the strategy of cognitive deployment of the image, which is characteristic of the most complex types of occasional use of phraseological euphemisms, namely, phraseological pun, extended metaphor and phraseological allusion.

注释,注释: Cognitive strategies of occasional transformational use of English phraseological euphemisms in linguistic experiment are subject to consideration. The purpose of the study is to determine the cognitive strategies of the occasional use of phraseological euphemisms. The subject of the research: the types of cognitive strategies, which are used in ocasional transformations of English phraseological euphemisms, the study of which was performed after the literature survey and a brief description of the linguistic experiment. Research methods: the method of phraseological analysis developed by A.V. Kunin, which exists in two forms - phraseological identification and phraseological description, contextual analysis method, definitional analysis, component (seme) analysis. The novelty of the study: as a result of the linguistic experiment, for the first time, cognitive strategies of the transformational use of English phraseological euphemisms, combining the characteristic features of both phraseological and euphemistic nominations, were determined. Results of the study: two cognitive strategies were identified that are characteristic of all types of occasional use – informing strategy and the strategy of expressivization. Evaluation strategy is defined when using the addition of a component / components, insertion and replacement of a component / components; objectification strategy is revealed in the cleft use of euphemistic units; accentualization strategy when using phraseological reiteration, permutation and phraseological saturation of context. For the first time, we have singled out the strategy of cognitive deployment of the image, which is characteristic of the most complex types of occasional use of phraseological euphemisms, namely, phraseological pun, extended metaphor and phraseological allusion.

注释,注释: This article explores the problem of adequate translation of English equivalents of the Russian phraseological euphemisms in the compiled by the authors “Russian-English Dictionary of Phraseological Euphemisms” – the first bilingual dictionary of euphemisms. Special attention is given to preservation of the significative and denotative component of the meaning of Russian phraseological euphemisms in their translating into English. The subject of this research is the methods of adequate transmission of the semantics of nonequivalent reinterpreted Russian euphemisms. The goal lies in the description of possible methods of translating nonequivalent Russian phraseological euphemisms into English: the right part of the dictionary entry is still under study. The novelty of this research lies in the discussion of possible methods of translating nonequivalent phraseological euphemisms that combine the characteristic features of both phraseological and euphemistic nominations. These typical characteristics are reflected in the right part of the dictionary entry. The acquires results prove that existence of four methods of translating nonequivalent phraseological euphemisms: using loanwords, lexical, descriptive and compound translation; the letter is crucial in delivering necessary information on the Russian phraseological euphemisms. The conclusion is made on the need to include additional information on the peculiarities of euphemistic nomination of the Russian phraseological euphemisms in form of descriptive translation into English, as opposed to the method of translating nonequivalent phraseological units in the existing bilingual phraseological dictionaries.

注释,注释: Объектом исследования являются русские и английские фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, которые обозначают бедность как одно из понятий эвфемистического отображения реального мира. Предметом исследования являются особенности эвфемистической номинации фразеологизмов-эвфемизмов со значением бедности в русском и английском языках. Впервые исследованию были подвергнуты русские и английские фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, обозначающие бедность, с точки зрения особенностей выражения пейоративного реального денотата с помощью эвфемистических единиц, основной целью которых является смягчение и вуалирование понятия «бедность». Подобные фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы характеризуются пейоративной объективной оценкой, которая может быть "улучшена" нейтральной или шутливой эмоциональной оценкой.     Основными выводами проведенного исследования являются доказательства того, что в обоих языках основную роль в улучшении обозначения пейоративно оцениваемого состояния бедности играют образность и прототип подвергнутых анализу фразеологизмов-эвфемизмов. И в русском и в английском языках ряд фразеологизмов-эвфемизмов характеризуется мелиоративно-оцениваемыми прототипами, которые в свою очередь приводят к нейтрализации пейоративной рациональной оценки.
Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что в ней применен новый подход к анализу фразеологического значения особого типа фразеологических единиц, основанных на эвфемистической номинации. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при исследовании семантики фразеологических единиц, лексических и фразеологических эвфемизмов, в том числе в сопоставительном аспекте.

Abstract: The object of this research is the Russian and English phraseologisms-euphemisms that denote poverty as one of the concepts of euphemistic reflection of the real world. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of euphemistic nomination of phraseologisms-euphemisms with the meaning of poverty in the Russian and English languages. This article is first to examine the Russian and English phraseologism-euphemisms that denote poverty from the perspective of expressing the pejorative real denotation using euphemistic units, the key goal of which is mitigation and hazing of the concept of “poverty”. Such phraseologisms-euphemisms are characterized by pejorative assessment that can be “improved” by neutral or humorous affective evaluation. In conclusion, the author proves that in both languages the key role in better pejorative assessment of poverty is played by figurativeness and prototype of the analyzed phraseologisms-euphemisms. In both languages, a number of phraseologisms-euphemisms are characterized by ameliorative-evaluative prototypes, which in turn, lead to neutralization of pejorative rational assessment. The scientific novelty consists in application of the new approach towards analyzing the phraseological meaning of a peculiar type of phraseological units based on euphemistic nomination. The acquired results can be used in studying the semantics of phraseological units, lexical and phraseological euphemisms, including in the comparative aspect.