注释,注释: The object of this research is the territory of formation of fortified settlements of the Bronze Age in Southern Ural – Bolshekaraganskaya Valley and adjacent territory within the Chelyabinsk Region. The subject of this research is the territorial-geographic complexes and historical-theoretical approaches towards studying the fortified settlements of ancient Ural in dynamics of their development. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the formation of the center and core of resettlement of the Bronze Age in the basin of Bolshaya Karaganka River, which joins Ural River in southern part of Chelyabinsk Region, the territory also known as Arkaimskaya Valley. Special attention is given to localization and layer-wise fixation of the fortified settlements, as well as typology of their morphogenesis. Research methodology is built on the theory of historical-architectural comparativism and comparative analysis of patterns of the fortified settlements in their layer wise fixation. The main conclusion is defined by the most comprehensive review of the typology of fortified settlements of South Ural of the Bronze Age. The analysis of planning analogues determined the typological and morphological similarity of the objects, succession of construction traditions in territories with the advanced urban development systems of Middle Asia. The results of analysis provided certain clarifications in determining the unique morphology of the plans of fortified settlements related to multi-functionality of the objects, virtually first known in history at the moment of research, living and industrial fortified structures with the dominant metallurgical function. The research results allow suggesting the origin of Sintashtinsko-Petrovsky city-forming fortification system in compliance with the ancient architectural and urban traditions in Middle Asia at the early development stages of Indo-European states.

注释,注释: The object of this research is the area of formation of the fortified settlements of the Bronze Age in South Ural – Bolshekaraganskaya Valley and the territory within the boundaries of Chelyabinsk Oblast adjacent to it. The subject of this research is the territorial-geographical complexes and historical-theoretical approaches towards studying the fortified settlements of ancient Ural in the dynamics of their development. The author meticulously examines such aspects of the topic as formation of the center and core of settlement structure of the Bronze Age in the basing of Bolshaya Karaganka River, which joins the Ural River, in the southern part Chelyabinskaya Oblast, territory also known as Arkaimskaya Valley. Special attention is given to localization and layer wise fixation of the fortified settlements, as well as typology of their morphogenesis. Research methodology is built on the theory of historical-architectural comparativism and comparative analysis of patterns of the fortified settlements in their layer wise fixation. The main conclusion is defined by the most comprehensive review of the typology of fortified settlements of South Ural of the Bronze Age. The analysis of planning analogues determined the typological and morphological similarity of the objects, continuity of building traditions in territories with the development town planning syste4ms of Middle Asia. The author provides certain clarifications in determination of the unique morphology of the patterns of fortified settlements, practically first known in history at the time of study, production-housing fortification constructs with the dominant metallurgical function. The research results suggest the origin of Sintashtinsko-Petrovsky town-forming fortification system in correspondence with the ancient architectural and urban traditions in Middle Asia at the early development stages of Indo-European states.

注释,注释: Объектом исследования является уникальная находка на территории Южного Урала в границах Магнитогорского округа, недалеко от бывшего поселка Старосеверный. Предмет представляет собой изделие мелкой пластики из камня. Описаны предпосылки и подробности обнаружения артефакта: место находки, процесс изыскания и выемки из грунта, структура и морфология предмета. Детально рассматривается строение зооморфного изображения, причастность к формам млекопитающих животных; тип предмета, позволяющий считать его культовым и датировка методом радиоуглеродного анализа, позволяющая сделать выводы о периодизации изделия. Отмечается, что данная находка не имеет известных аналогов, но обнаруживает сходство по некоторым признакам с зооморфными предметами реалистичной мелкой пластики времен неолита, найденными на Урале. Особое внимание уделяется анализу морфологии. Установлено, что фигурка является предметом культа времен неолита, и могла использоваться в бытовых или ритуальных целях, датирована приблизительно 4-5 тыс. до н. э. Анализ места, найденного предмета, позволяет считать его древним святилищем или местом, связанным с жизнедеятельностью древнего поселения. В то же время, остался не решенным вопрос о морфологии изображенного в камне животного. Методология основана на полевых исследованиях с последующим описанием и сравнительным анализом с применением радиоуглеродной датировки предмета. Особым вкладом автора является натурное обследование территории извлечения артефактов, описание, фиксация и установление датировки предмета поднятого на месте полевых исследований. В дополнение ко всему автору удалось продолжить изыскания на склонах горного хребта Атач и привлечь интерес широкого круга исследователей: краеведов, археологов, этнографов к данной территории.

Abstract: This article examines a rare zoomorphic statuette carved from natural stone in a realistic manner of small plastic. The subject of the research constitutes the entire image of mammal in a horizontal position. The find was near the city of Magnitogorsk, near the former Staroseverniy village. We describe the background and details of the discovery artifact: place of discovery, process of exploration and excavation of soil, structure and morphology of subject. The authors examine the structure of zoomorphic depicted involvement in forms of aquatic animals; type object, allowing considers it a cult and radiocarbon dating analysis leads to conclusion of the periodization. It is noted that this finding has no known analogues reveals similarities but there are signs with zoomorphic subject’s realistic small plastic Neolithic, found in the Urals. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of morphology. It was established the statuette is the subject of cult in the Neolithic period, and could be used for daily or ritual purposes; it is dated back to about 4-5 thousand years BC. Author's contribution consists in the natural exploration of the territory of extraction of the artifacts, description, fixation, and establishment of dating og the subject discovered during the field research.